Contraception FAQs: intrauterine device

Mayo Clinic News Network (TNS)

Emily Linklater, D.O., Mayo Clinic Health System obstetrician and gynecologist, answers frequently asked questions about intrauterine devices.

WHAT IS AN IUD?

IUD stands for intrauterine device. It’s a small device that’s inserted into the uterus by your health care provider for contraception. Many times IUDs are classified as long-acting reversible contraception.

WHO IS A CANDIDATE?

Almost all women are candidates for an IUD, with a few exceptions. Pregnancy, age and prior vaginal delivery are not required to insert an IUD. An IUD is an excellent option for women who desire a reversible form of birth control, but don’t desire pregnancy at this time. IUDs are 99 percent protective against pregnancy and don’t require daily compliance.

HOW ARE IUDS INSERTED AND REMOVED?

After discussing the option with your provider, an IUD can be inserted in the office setting. You may experience some mild cramping from insertion. Overall, the entire procedure takes less than five minutes. Some women choose to take over-the-counter pain medication, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen before coming to the office. Once inserted, an IUD can be removed on request or at the time of expiration, approximately three to 10 years later. Removal takes about two to three minutes.

WHAT ARE ADDITIONAL USES?

IUDs are used mainly for contraception. However, they can also be useful for emergency contraception, heavy bleeding, anemia, painful periods and occasionally endometriosis.

HOW EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING PREGNANCY IS THE IUD?

It’s a very effective method. Here’s a breakdown of birth control methods and their effective rates:

Nexplanon, IUDs and bilateral tubal ligation have a failure rate for typical use of less than one in 100 women per year.

Birth control pills, the patch, the Depo-Provera injection and the ring have a failure rate for typical use of six to 12 in 100 women per year.

Natural family planning, the pullout method and condoms have a failure rate for typical use of 18 or more in 100 women per year.

what IUDS ARE AVAILABLE?

Paragard (Cooper IUD), effective for 10 years

Mirena IUD, effective for five years

Skyla IUD, effective for three years

Liletta IUD, effective for three years