Today is Thursday, Nov. 13, the 318th day of 2008. There are 48 days left in the year. On this date

Today is Thursday, Nov. 13, the 318th day of 2008. There are 48 days left in the year. On this date in 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated on the National Mall in Washington.

In 1775, during the American Revolution, the Continental Army captures Montreal. In 1789, Benjamin Franklin writes in a letter to a friend, “In this world, nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes.” In 1927, the Holland Tunnel opens to the public, providing access between lower Manhattan and New Jersey beneath the Hudson River. In 1940, the Walt Disney animated movie “Fantasia” has its world premiere in New York. In 1942, President Roosevelt signs a measure lowering the minimum draft age from 21 to 18. In 1956, the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down laws calling for racial segregation on public city and state buses. In 1971, the U.S. space probe Mariner 9 goes into orbit around Mars. In 1974, Karen Silkwood, a technician and union activist at the Kerr-McGee Cimarron plutonium plant near Crescent, Okla., dies in a car crash while on her way to meet a reporter.

November 13, 1983: Dr. William Binning, chairman of the Mahoning County Republican Party, says that the most recent municipal election may have signaled the death knell for his party in Youngstown, which has only 7,000 registered voters.

General Motors Fisher Body plant at Lordstown is saving several million dollars a year through its new “just in time” inventory system, says plant Manager Frank J. Kontely.

Alvin “Don” Smith, who retired after 37 years with United Airlines, including supervisor of customer service for the Youngstown station, says he believes the airport will have a resurgence. At its peak, United had 24 flights a day at Youngstown Municipal Airport.

November 13, 1968: State Rep. Albert H. Sealy, a Dayton Republican, says a statewide income tax is the answer to revenue problems for local schools and government because real estate taxes cannot carry the burden.

Fire in a stable at Waterford Park race track destroys 22 thoroughbred horses, valued at about $1,500 each. About 30 horses escaped.

Mr. and Mrs. Warren Hayes of Columbus come to Youngstown to support the local efforts of William McLean III, area chairman of the “Remember the Pueblo” drive which is seeking the release of 812 crew members held since January by North Korea. The Hayes’ son is among the crew members.

Cheryl Klouzal, a junior in the Trumbull Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, and Mary Poluse, a junior at St. Elizabeth Hospital School of Nursing, are nominated for “Miss Student Nurse” in District 3, Eastern Ohio Student Nurses Association.

November 13, 1958: Warren General Hospital, the city’s fourth hospital, will hold an open house. The modern building at 667 Eastland Ave. has 40 beds, a sundeck on the roof and plenty of room for expansion. It is staffed by 20 osteopathic physicians.

The City Board of Health clears the way for a public polio inoculation program providing free shots for people unable to pay for private treatment.

State Fire Marshal Elmer G. Stough tells Mahoning County commissioners that the county has 90 days to abandon the County Home, which has been condemned.

Youngstown’s Internal Revenue Service office will move from the main post office to the second floor of the new IBM Building on Wick Avenue, a half mile north of Central Square.

November 13, 1933: The Rev. Herbert B. Hudnut, formerly of Youngstown and a World War veteran who was shot down in a balloon on the Western Front, was not permitted to present an Armistice Day address over Station KDKA in Pittsburgh because his address had an anti-war theme. Rev. Hudnut, pastor of the Bellevue Presbyterian Church, is a son of Dr. and Mrs. William H. Hudnut of First Presbyterian Church, Youngstown.

Robert White, the youngest of five children of Ohio Gov. George White, is killed in an automobile accident near Princeton University, where he was a senior.

The Mahoning County Medical Society and about 200 physicians register for relief service under a fee schedule established by the state to provide treatment for the county’s indigent.

Carl H. Henkel, 53, who was elected president of the newly organized Empire Sheet & Tin Plate Co., returns to the helm of the new steel corporation after more than two years in which he piloted the Empire Steel Corp. through receivership.