Prosthesis created for tailless dolphin

In the process of helping the dolphin, experts are also
helping human amputees.

CLEARWATER, Fla. (AP) — Prosthetic specialist Kevin Carroll travels the country tackling the toughest human amputation cases, so it was only natural that he was also drawn to Winter — the only known dolphin to survive the loss of her powerful tail flukes.

“My heart went out to her, and I was thinking I could probably put a tail on her,” said Carroll, vice president of prosthetics at Hanger Orthopedic Group, Inc.

Re-creating one of the most powerful swimming mechanisms in nature turned out to be a lot tougher than expected. But after months of experimenting, Carroll and a unique team of experts are well on their way to, as one of them puts it, “MacGyvering” a tail for Winter.

“We put together a team who does not know what ’no’ means,” said Mike Walsh, Winter’s lead veterinarian and a program manager at the University of Florida’s aquatic animal health program.

Helping humans

Lessons can also be learned that will help human amputees. Carroll, for example, found the gel sleeve he developed to cling to 18-month-old Winter’s tail without irritating her sensitive skin also soothed a painful prothesis for Air Force Senior Airman Brian Kolfage, who lost both legs and his right hand in a 2004 mortar attack in Iraq. The sleeve sticks to Winter’s tail with suction the same way a rubber surgical glove grips a human hand.

“When he tried to walk with prosthetics, you had these daggerlike boney growths sticking into the socket. It was very painful,” Carroll said. “Brian’s situation was similar to Winter’s. Winter helped him and hopefully she’ll help a lot of others as well.”

Carroll, an Orlando resident whose company is based in Bethesda, Md., said he is already thinking of new materials to make human prosthetics tougher in saltwater. And Walsh said the research on Winter is invaluable for understanding dolphin physiology and the treatment of back injuries, which can occur when dolphins are beached.

Winter lives at the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, a nonprofit marine animal rescue center and popular local attraction in the Gulf Coast city’s former water treatment plant.

Winter’s story

She was a frail, dehydrated 3-month-old when she came to the hospital in December 2005. A fisherman found her tangled in the buoy line of a crab trap in Indian River Lagoon near Cape Canaveral. The line cut off the blood supply to her tail and it slowly fell off as the aquarium team worked to save her life.

Winter learned how to swim without her tail, which is used for propulsion — amazing her handlers with a unique combination of moves that resemble an alligator’s undulating swimming style and a shark’s side-to-side tail swipes. Winter uses her flippers, normally employed for steering and braking, to get moving.

Her unique swimming style is sure to lead to spinal problems. She sometimes bends her spine in an unnatural curve. Trainers work with Winter, now 6 feet long and a healthy 180 pounds, on an extensive physical therapy regimen, bending the tail up and down, to keep the right muscles strong.

Walsh said allowing Winter to work out daily with a prosthetic tail may keep her from deteriorating.

It’s uncharted territory. Fuji, an elderly dolphin at an aquarium in Japan, has a prosthesis, but it is attached to the remaining part of his tail. Both of Winter’s tail flukes and peduncle, a wristlike joint that allows a dolphin tail to move up and down, were lost.

Winter’s team also has to figure out how to keep the prosthesis from sliding off as the tail creates enough force to propel a 400-pound dolphin out of the water and 10 feet into the air.

“Every step we take is unknown,” Clearwater Marine Aquarium CEO David Yates said. “Another group came to us, analyzed her and said ... they didn’t know how to make the tail stay on. But Kevin came to us and said we’ve got the technology. We can do this.”