Heavy loads on the backs of kids

Parents should limit the amount of weight in a child's backpack.
By MARY ELLEN PELLEGRINI
VINDICATOR CORRESPONDENT
Most studies examining the relationship between back injuries and overloaded backpacks have concentrated on adults, the population most commonly treated for back pain.
However, since 1999 research worldwide includes children and teens as well. The shift in focus occurred because patients visiting back specialists are becoming younger.
An estimated 90 percent of pupils in schools hoist books and school supplies onto their vertebrae each day.
Incorrect backpack use causes back, shoulder and neck pain in youths, decreases oxygen intake and impairs posture, according to the American Occupational Therapy Association's Web site.
Dr. James J. Krumpak, a board certified orthopedic specialist in practice for 24 years, said he has treated a small number of patients under age 18 for backpack related ailments. Dr. Krumpak, with offices in Poland and Boardman, noticed the increase in younger patients during the past 10 years.
Frequent complaints
Children who come to his office generally complain of aching in the low back or middle back and pinched nerves. Most symptoms are readily treated said Krumpak.
Dr. Michael J. Miladore, a board certified orthopedic surgeon, has cared for some youngsters but hasn't seen a significant problem during his 18 years of practice.
That's not to say parents and children shouldn't be concerned.
"We're talking about a child who is still developing and growing," Dr. Krumpak said. Both physicians recommend children and parents exercise caution and common sense in carrying needed supplies to and from school.
"What it comes down to is children shouldn't carry more than 6 [percent] to 10 percent of their body weight," said Dr. Miladore, whose practice is in Youngstown. The American Occupational Therapy Association suggests no more than 15 percent. Under either guideline, a child who weighs 60 pounds should carry no more than 6 to 9 pounds on his back.
Dr. Miladore said the risk for back injury increases when children tote heavy backpacks over long distances. Students who ride the bus or walk short distances are not as vulnerable to back strain and other problems.
Recommendations
Dr. Krumpak noted backpacks on wheels are an option when the weight can't be reduced or students face long treks. Before buying the wheeled variety, though, check with schools and buses to make sure these are allowed.
When buying a backpack, Dr. Krumpak advised, "bigger isn't always better." The biggest pack may encourage a child to carry more weight than he should. He said padded shoulder straps and adjustable straps are worth the extra expense because they cushion the back and enable it to sit properly. Backpack straps should be always adjusted so the pack fits snugly on a child's back.
But even the best backpack won't protect a child's body if books and supplies are loaded incorrectly. Dr. Miladore noted it's important to distribute weight evenly by inserting heaviest items in the back or bottom of the pack.
Both physicians said backpacks should be worn on both shoulders, not dangling over one. Improper placement of a backpack on a child's shoulders can result in strained shoulders and sore necks. Wearing a pack over one shoulder can also affect posture. Backpacks should rest on the lower back but not below the crest of the child's hips Dr. Krumpak said.
If a child has persistent or intense back pain that doesn't go away after a period of rest or experiences a shooting or radiating pain, Dr. Miladore advises parents to seek a medical evaluation.
XFor more information on backpack strategies visit www.promoteot.org/AI_backpackawareness.html.