Today is Wednesday, July 27, the 208th day of 2005. There are 157 days left in the year. On this

Today is Wednesday, July 27, the 208th day of 2005. There are 157 days left in the year. On this date in 1789, Congress establishes the Department of Foreign Affairs, the forerunner of the Department of State.
In 1794, French revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre is overthrown and placed under arrest; he is executed the following day. In 1861, Union Gen. George B. McClellan is put in command of the Army of the Potomac. In 1866, Cyrus W. Field finally succeeds, after two failures, in laying the first underwater telegraph cable between North America and Europe. In 1953, the Korean War armistice is signed at Panmunjom, ending three years of fighting. In 1960, Vice President Richard M. Nixon is nominated for president at the Republican National Convention in Chicago. In 1974, the House Judiciary Committee votes 27-11 to recommend President Nixon's impeachment on a charge that he had personally engaged in a "course of conduct" designed to obstruct justice in the Watergate case. In 1976, Air Force veteran Ray Brennan becomes the first person to die of so-called Legionnaire's Disease following an American Legion convention in Philadelphia. In 1980, on day 267 of the Iranian hostage crisis, the deposed Shah of Iran dies at a military hospital outside Cairo, Egypt, at age 60. In 1996, terror strikes the Atlanta Olympics as a pipe bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park, killing one person and injuring more than 100. In 2003, comedian Bob Hope dies in Toluca Lake, Calif., at age 100.
July 27, 1980: Earl W. Brauninger, president of the Union National Bank, says there are signs that the Mahoning Valley is emerging from economically troubling times and will develop a new and stronger industrial and economic base.
A proposed increase in Youngstown's income tax will be put to a special vote. The rate would increase from 1.5 to 1.75 percent and would fund a 10 percent increase in pay for city employees.
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July 27, 1965: A 69-year-old South Side man goes berserk, emptying a .38-caliber revolver at two men and seriously wounding his brother-in-law. Afterward several people involved in the investigation charge that police used unnecessary force on them.
Eight youths from Struthers and Poland complain in Youngstown Municipal Court that police would not let them telephone their parents from city jail after their arrest for interfering with police investigating several disturbances near a South Side dairy bar.
President Johnson announces that Anthony J. Celebrezze, former Cleveland mayor, is resigning as secretary of welfare to take a federal judgeship. John W. Gardner, a Republican and president of the Carnegie Corp., will be named to the cabinet post.
July 27, 1955: A four-county engineering study of a projected lake-to-river throughway is proposed by Samuel Gould, Mahoning County engineer, in a meeting at Ashtabula.
Fred G. Held of Struthers marks his 103rd birthday with a dinner party at the home of his daughter, Mrs. H. Wilson Rosensteel. He received a birthday card from President Eisenhower.
A trend toward increased hospital care is one of the factors leading to a proposed rate increase sought by the Associated Hospital Service Inc. of Youngstown, which uses the Blue Cross plan. In 1951 there were 143 hospital admissions per 1,000 persons; by 1955 the rate has risen to 175 per 1,000.
July 27, 1930: In agreeing that a serious emergency is emerging, city officials and a group of private citizens determine that the city should plan for $1.2 million in various improvement projects that would provide work for the unemployed. A $500,000 bond issue to cover part of the cost will be placed on the November ballot.
In an effort to keep cool, Youngstowners are consuming 1 million pounds of ice, 90,000 bottles of soda pop and 50,000 quarts of ice cream each day. One local pop dealer estimates his business has increased by 111 percent during the heat wave.
The hearing in Judge David Jenkins' courtroom on the merger of Bethlehem Steel Corp. and Youngstown Sheet & amp; Tube Co. enters its fifth week, with expectations of high drama as Cleveland Industrialist Cyrus Eaton is expected to take the stand.