DEFINITIONS

DEFINITIONS
Sprawl and smart growth
Ten characteristics that define sprawling development patterns, according to the Brookings Institution:
Predominance of low-density residential and commercial settlements, especially in new growth areas.
Unlimited outward extension of new developments.
Leapfrog projects jumping beyond established settlements.
Single-use development that separates shopping, working and residential activities.
Low-density, single-use work places and strip retail development typically located at the periphery of metropolitan areas.
Reliance on auto transportation for virtually all trips.
Fiscal disparities among localities.
Lack of adequate housing choices located close to work opportunities, thus forcing long commutes.
Reliance mainly on trickle-down to provide housing to low-income households.
Fragmented land-use decisions by local governments.
Hallmarks of smart growth, according to the Smart Growth Network, a national organization of nonprofit and government organizations:
Mixed land uses, such as housing, shopping, workplaces and civic uses.
Taking advantage of compact building design.
Creating a range of housing opportunities and choices.
Creating walkable neighborhoods.
Fostering distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place.Preserving open space, farmland, natural beauty and critical environmental areas.
Strengthening and directing development toward communities.Providing a variety of transportation choices.
Making development decisions predictable, fair and cost-effective.Encouraging community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions.