Today is Wednesday, July 16, the 197th day of 2003. There are 168 days left in the year. On this

Today is Wednesday, July 16, the 197th day of 2003. There are 168 days left in the year. On this date in 1945, the United States explodes its first experimental atomic bomb, in the desert of Alamogordo, N.M.
In 1790, the District of Columbia is established as the seat of the United States government. In 1862, David G. Farragut becomes the first rear admiral in the U.S. Navy. In 1918, Russia's Czar Nicholas II, his empress and their five children are executed by the Bolsheviks. In 1951, the novel "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger is first published. In 1964, in accepting the Republican presidential nomination in San Francisco, Barry M. Goldwater says "extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice" and that "moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue." In 1969, Apollo 11 blasts off from Cape Kennedy on the first manned mission to the surface of the moon. In 1973, during the Senate Watergate hearings, former White House aide Alexander P. Butterfield publicly reveals the existence of President Nixon's secret taping system. In 1980, former California Gov. Ronald Reagan wins the Republican presidential nomination at the party's convention in Detroit. In 1981, singer Harry Chapin is killed when his car is struck by a tractor-trailer on New York's Long Island Expressway. In 1999, John F. Kennedy Junior, his wife, Carolyn, and her sister, Lauren Bessette, die when their single-engine plane plunges into the ocean near Martha's Vineyard, Mass.
July 16, 1978: ICX Aviation Inc. of Washington is expected to send Youngstown Mayor J. Phillip Richley a "complete package" within two weeks, including a financing plan for a proposed jet plane assembly plant at Youngstown Municipal Airport.
A new swimming pool is being planned for Cascade Park in New Castle, but this year there will be no city pool in operation. New Castle Mayor Francis J. Rogan is displeased with the lack of progress for restoring swimming at the park, which has offered accommodations to bathers for 75 years.
The G.C. Murphy Co. store, a landmark at State St. and Shenango Ave. in downtown Sharon for 49 years closes its doors for the last time, blaming the decision on operating losses over 12 years.
July 16, 1963: Racial discrimination of any kind will be barred in awarding contracts for construction work under a program presented to the Youngstown Board of Education by Hugh W. Frost, the city's first Negro school board member.
Slovak Bishop Andrew G. Grutka of Gary, Ind., appeals for funds to support the Slovak Institute being constructed in Rome during a session of the 19th national convention of the Slovak Catholic Sokol in Youngstown.
Lenine Strollo, 37-year-old Poland Township tavern keeper, admits in U.S. District Court in Cleveland that he is connected with slots and pinball machines in the Youngstown area.
July 16, 1953: Tom C. Campbell, editor of Iron Age, speaking to about 40 executives at the Youngstown Club, predicts that steel production will continue at a high level for at least the remainder of the year, despite expectation of an early Korean armistice.
A sharp note to Youngstown officials and the Mahoning County commissioners that Boardman residents are not satisfied with their water service is sent by township trustees. Trustees say that low water pressure should not have to be tolerated, especially since township residents pay more for water than city residents.
The general appearance of the Mahoning Valley Sanitary District plant and its operation indicates efficient management, state examiners report in an audit covering a two-year period.
July 16, 1928: Two men are held for questioning by Youngstown in connection with the seizure by the vice squad of a 2,500-gallon capacity brewery at Walnut and Grove streets. Ten others are arrested in liquor and vice raids over the weekend.
The Rev. Alphonso Steele, 40, of Stop 26, Sharon Line, pastor of Triedstone Baptist Church, is arrested on an affidavit from Port Valley, Ga., where he is wanted for murder. Mr. Steel, who is also known as Mims Morris, came to Youngstown four years ago.
Participants in a wedding ceremony in Trinity Church (Episcopal) in New York will be required to first sign a statement under oath that they have been baptized, have never been divorced, are of legal age and enter the marriage freely. The Rev. Dr. Caleb R. Stetson, rector of Trinity Church, says nonChristians should be married by a civil officer.