Vitamin D reduces risk of MS, research suggests

Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D.
CHICAGO TRIBUNE
CHICAGO -- The risk of developing multiple sclerosis, one of the more common neurological diseases in young adults, may be significantly reduced with higher blood levels of vitamin D, according to the findings of the first large-scale study of the vitamin and MS.
The study, based on stored blood samples from more than 7 million U.S. military personnel, found that young people who had the highest levels of vitamin D had a 62 percent lower risk of developing MS than people with the lowest level. The report appears in today's issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder that causes the disintegration of the protective myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells, leading to gradual loss of function and disability. It affects 350,000 people in the U.S. and 2 million around the world.
The results of the study suggest vitamin D could be used to prevent thousands of cases of a serious, incurable illness, said the study's principal author, Alberto Ascherio, associate professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health.
"But to know whether that's true or not, we need to do a large, controlled, randomized trial in which some people will get vitamin D and some people will not," Ascherio said.
About the vitamin
The main source of vitamin D is the ultraviolet spectrum of sunlight, which stimulates the skin to produce the vitamin. Smaller amounts of the vitamin are found in oily fish like salmon and in cod liver oil, egg yolks, liver and vitamin D supplements. Milk was fortified with vitamin D in the early 1900s, which ended endemic rickets.
Scientists first linked vitamin D deficiency to MS more than 30 years ago when they noticed the disease was more prevalent in northern latitudes where sunlight is sparse during winter months. People living in cities like Chicago, Boston and New York basically manufacture no vitamin D from sunlight from December through February.
More recent animal studies have shown that vitamin D injections prevent MS from developing in mice, which can be induced in a laboratory setting to develop the myelin destruction characteristic of multiple sclerosis.
Theory
Vitamin D affects almost every type of tissue and is believed to play a major role in keeping the body's immune system on an even keel. Some experts theorize that insufficient vitamin D levels may lead the immune system to malfunction in ways that allow it to attack the body's own tissue. Insufficient vitamin D is a factor in osteoporosis and also has been linked to an increased risk of cancer, chronic pain, high blood pressure and other disorders.
The Harvard study adjusted for the geographic differences in sunlight exposure by comparing vitamin D levels among people living in the same latitudes. Between 1992 and 2004, 257 U.S. Army and Navy personnel were diagnosed with MS. The vitamin D content of their stored blood was compared to the levels in the blood of similar service personnel without MS living in the same latitudes. The findings applied to white service personnel only, as sufficient data were not available for blacks and Hispanics.