Sunday, September 16, 2001
Q. Our old electric water heater does not leak yet, but we run out of hot water for morning showers. Would a new water heater help and does it make economic sense to get a new one before the old one leaks?
A. It is often wise to replace an old (at least 10-years old) water heater with a new super-efficient model. With new designs and better tank insulation, installing a slightly larger model to satisfy all your morning hot water needs will still cut your utility bills.
Older electric water heaters cost more to operate than most people realize. For a typical family of four, replacing an old model at a 0.80EF (energy factor) with a new one at a 0.94 EF, saves about $100 per year. During its life, this compounds to more than $1,000.
Some of the most efficient models also use a "never-leak" design with lifetime warranties. These models have a spherical top, instead of the typical flat top, to provide extra-thick insulation where the water is the hottest.
Never-leak water heater use all plastic and composite materials so there is no steel to rust near the water. The inner tank, made of tough, stable polybutylene, is wrapped with multiple layers of wound fiberglass for strength.
This inner assembly is then encapsulated in thick rigid foam insulation.
The exterior shell is made of tough polyethylene plastic that resists dents and scratches. No anode rod is needed, so it does not create a water odor problem.
Some water heaters now include furnace-type setback clock thermostats that can use up to 15 percent less electricity. Others have new efficient electronic controls with four settings: normal, scald-resistant, energy-saver, and vacation/cabin. The normal setting allows for any water temperature.
To protect children and the elderly, the scald-resistant setting automatically adjusts the temperature. The energy-saver setting monitors your hot water usage patterns and modifies the heating cycles for the lowest utility bills. The vacation/cabin setting lowers the water temperature to 50 degrees to prevent freezing.
If space is limited and you cannot install a larger model, some new high-quality models offer 5,500-watt (3,800 or 4,500 watts is typical) heating elements. These powerful 5,500-watt elements provide more hot water quickly.
Most steel water heater tanks have a thin inner glass lining to stop corrosion. Another effective design uses a one-half-inch thick stone lining to extend the tank life. The stone also adds a little more insulation value.
Especially in hard water areas, select a model with larger, hand-size sediment clean-out access holes. There are also special dip tube designs that swirl the incoming cold water to keep sediment from building up.
Q. You had mentioned in a recent article that stapling foil under the roof rafters would help block heat. I can only find single-sided foil with a paper backing. Which way should the shiny side face?
A. Stapling foil under the attic rafters will block radiant heat from a hot roof during the summer. During the winter, the roof does not get nearly as hot, so there is little negative effect from the foil.
The shiny side should face downward toward the living area. Foil is effective, not because it reflects the heat back upward, but because the shiny (low emissivity) surface will not readily reradiate the heat to the attic floor below.
XWrite for Update Bulletin No. 568 which includes a buyer's guide of 12 manufacturers (55 models) of super-efficient and never-leak electric water heaters listing water outputs, EF's, warranties, features and a savings/payback chart. Please send $3 and a business-size SASE to James Dulley, The Vindicator, 6906 Royalgreen Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45244. For an instant download, visit James Dulley online at www.dulley.com.